Kerala, India

Grain Production, Imports, Exports, and Availability

All figures (except the amount available in food supply for consumption) are expressed in metric tons.

Source: FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.

• Note: Domestic production of rice is paddy rice. Import and export figures include husked and milled rice.

Legislation, Milling Industry, and Fortification

Industrial wheat and maize flour mill: capacity to mill more than 20 metric tons/day

Industrial rice mill: capacity to mill at least 5 metric tons/hour of paddy rice

Source: FFI database.

• Note: Estimates may differ from Global Fortification Data Exchange estimates as FFI assumes imported flour/rice is industrially milled. FFI includes imported flour/rice into the total percentage of flour/rice produced in industrial mills and percentage of industrially milled flour/rice that is fortified.

Nutrients Added Through Fortification

All nutrient amounts are expressed in parts per million.

Source: FFI database.

Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects, Anemia, and Inadequate Zinc Intake

[1] Source: Hannah Blencowe, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Personal communication. United Kingdom. 2015.

• Note: This figure may not include pregnancy loss or terminations of pregnancies due to prenatal diagnosis of a neural tube defect. With all folic acid interventions in place, the birth prevalence of neural tube defects would be about 6 per 10,000.

[2] Source: World Health Organization. The global prevalence of anemia in 2011. Switzerland. 2015.

• Note: Anemia can be caused by many things. Fortifying flour and rice can reduce the risk of anemia caused by nutritional deficiencies. The classification of anemia as a public health problem, according to the World Health Organization is:

  • ≤4.9% No public health problem

  • 5.0-19.9% Mild public health problem

  • 20.0-39.9% Moderate public health problem

  • ≥40.0% Severe public health problem

[3] Source: World Health Organization. The global prevalence of anemia in 2011. Switzerland. 2015.

• Note: Preschool children are usually defined as ages 6-59 months.

[4] Source: Wessells KR, Brown KH. Estimating the global prevalence of zinc deficiency: results based on zinc availability in national food supplies and the prevalence of stunting. United States of America. 2012.

• Note: Zinc is needed for optimal child health and physical growth and normal pregnancy outcomes. If the probability of inadequate zinc intake is greater than 25%, it is considered an elevated public health concern, according to Conclusions of the Joint WHO/UNICEF/IAEA/IZiNCG Interagency Meeting on Zinc Status Indicators.

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